Related JIRA: 

Use Cases:

• Validator Filter: All records of a transform that are invalid go into one dataset; the remainder go into another.
• Writing the same output data to two separate outputs, with different formats.

API:

Existing APIs (in MapReduceContext, used in beforeSubmit):

// sets a single Dataset as the output for the MapReduce job
context.setOutput(String datasetName);
context.setOutput(String datasetName, Dataset dataset);

New APIs (in MapReduceContext, used in beforeSubmit):

// adds a Dataset to the set of output Datasets for the MapReduce job:
context.addOutput(String datasetName);
context.addOutput(String datasetName, Dataset dataset); 

New APIs - note that this will be a custom mapper, reducer, and context classes which override the hadoop classes, providing the additional functionality of writing to multiple outputs:

// specifies which Dataset to write to and handles the delegation to the appropriate OutputFormat:
context.write(String datasetName, KEY key, VALUE value);

New APIs (in BatchSinkContext, used in prepareRun of the BatchSink):

// adds a Dataset to the set of output Datasets for the Adapter job:
context.addOutput(String datasetName);
context.addOutput(String datasetName, Dataset dataset);

Example Usage:

public void beforeSubmit(MapReduceContext context) throws Exception {
  context.addOutput("cleanCounts");
  context.addOutput("invalidCounts");
  // ...
}

public static class Counter extends AbstractReducer<Text, IntWritable, byte[], Long> {
  private MultipleOutputs mos;

  @Override
  public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) {
    // do computation and output to the desired dataset
    if ( ... ) {
      context.write("cleanCounts", key.getBytes(), val);
    } else {
      context.write("invalidCounts", key.getBytes(), val);
    }
  }

Approach:

Take an approach similar to org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.MultipleOutputs.
The Datasets to be written to must be defined in advance, in the beforeSubmit of the MapReduce job.
In the mapper/reducer, the user specifies the name of the output Dataset, and our helper class (MultipleOutputs) determines the appropriate OutputFormat and configuration for writing.
The MapperWrapper and ReducerWrapper will be responsible for instantiating the MultipleOutputs class and setting it on the user's mapper/reducer in a similar fashion as Metrics are set. The MapperWrapper and ReducerWrapper will also be responsible for closing the MultipleOutputs object.

Deprecate the setting of output dataset from the configure method as it provides no utility over setting it in the beforeSubmit.

New APIs in BatchSinkContext will simply delegate to MapReduceContext's new APIs for having multiple output Datasets.

Questions:

Naming of the MultipleOutputs class that we expose is up for change.
Should we allow the user to write to non-Dataset files from our MultipleOutputs class? I suggest no for simplicity. What this will disallow is the ability to write to both a Dataset and non-Dataset files from the same MapReduce.
Should we restrict users from simply calling context.write(k, v), after having set multiple Datasets as the output?